PHIL 346/ PSYC 346: Minds, Brains, and Computers

Offered by Sara Bernstein

MTWRF Chavez 104

Presession 2006

 

What is the mind? What is the brain? Are the mind and the brain the same thing? What distinguishes humans from robots? (Is there a distinction?) Is "strong" AI possible? Can robots ever be conscious? Can robots ever be free? Is your identity just your mind? Are there answers to these questions? Are the philosophical answers different from the scientific answers? This course will be an interdisciplinary overview of all of these questions (and some of their answers.)

 

Course Text(s): Mindware, by Andy Clark, and numerous other readings on e-reserve. Starred readings are required; other readings are recommended.

 

Course Requirements:

 

One short paper, 3-4 pages, due Monday, May 22:                    30%

One short paper, 3-4 pages , due Tuesday, May 30:                   30%

Cumulative final exam, Saturday, June 3.                                      40%

 

See bottom for notes on extra credit.

 

Monday, May 15: Introduction: The mind is a computer! (But what sort of computer? Stay tuned!)

 

            *(a) Mindware, Chapter 1.

 

            The Handout.

 

Tuesday, May 16: Minds are symbol manipulation systems!

 

            *(a) Mindware, Chapter 2.

             (b) John Searle, "Minds, Brains, and Programs"

 

            The Handout.

 

Wednesday, May 17: Minds are representation factories!

 

            *(a) Mindware, Chapter 3.

 

            The Handout.

 

Thursday, May 18: Minds are connectionist networks!

 

            *(a) Mindware, Chapter 4.

             (b) "Connectionism," sections 6-9, entry, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.

 

            The Handout.  The paper topics.

             

Friday, May 19: Consciousness is an easy problem! No, wait, it's a hard one.

 

            *(a) David Chalmers, "Two Concepts of Mind," from The Conscious Mind. (e-reserve)

            *(b) Thomas Nagel, "What is it like to be a bat?" (e-reserve)

             (c) "Consciousness," entry, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.

 

            The Handout.

 

Monday, May 22: Consciousness, part deux. (First paper due.)

 

            *(a) Mindware, Appendix II.

             (b) Daniel Dennett, "True Believers: The Intentional Strategy and Why it Works," from Mind Design II. (e-reserve)

             (c) David Chalmers, ÒConsciousness and its place in NatureÓ

 

            The Handout.

             

Tuesday, May 23: This just in: consciousness is still a hard problem.

 

             (a) Frank Jackson, "Epiphenomenal Qualia" (e-reserve)

            *(b) David Lewis, "What Experience Teaches," from Mind and Cognition. (e-reserve)

             (c) Frank Jackson, "What Mary Didn't Know." (e-reserve)

 

            The Handout.

 

Wednesday, May 24: The mental is not the physical! (Dualism)

 

            (a) RenŽ Descartes, "Meditation Six," in Meditations.

            *(b) David Chalmers, "Naturalistic Dualism," from The Conscious Mind. (e-reserve)

           

            The Handout.

 

Thursday, May 25: The mental is the physical! (Nonreductive physicalism)

 

            *(a) David Lewis, pages 14-15, On the Plurality of Worlds. (Photocopy)

            *(b) Terence Horgan, "From Supervenience to Superdupervenience." (e-reserve).

            (c)  "Multiple Realizability," entry, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.

 

            The Handout.

 

Friday, May 26: Situated cognition. (Or: The mind, body, and world are all one big, happy family!)

 

            (a) John Haugeland, "Mind Embodied and Embedded," from Having Thought. (e-reserve)

            *(b) David Chalmers and Andy Clark, "The Extended Mind."

 

            The Handout. The paper topics.

 

Monday, May 29: Memorial Day. No class.

 

Tuesday, May 30: Is strong AI possible? (Second paper due.)

 

            (a) A.M. Turing, "Computing Machinery and Intelligence."

            *(b) John Searle, "Minds, Brains, and Programs" (Again)

 

            The Handout.

 

Wednesday, May 31: Can robots be conscious?

 

            *(a) Daniel Dennett, "The Practical Requirements for Making a Conscious Robot."

            *(b) Isaac Asimov, "Robbie," in I, Robot. (e-reserve)

 

            The Handout.

           

Thursday, June 1: Can robots have free will?

 

            *(a) Daniel Dennett, "Did HAL Commit Murder?"

            *(b) Margaret Boden, "Autonomy and Artificiality," from The Philosophy of Artificial Life. (e-reserve)

            (c) Jack Copeland, ÒFreedom,Ó in Artificial Intelligence. (e-reserve)

 

            The Handout. The Final Exam Study Guide.

 

Friday, June 2: Fun with thought experiments, review.

 

            (a) Daniel Dennett, "Where am I?"

            (b) David Sanford, "Where was I?," from The Mind's I. (e-reserve)

 

Saturday, June 3: Final Exam (Cumulative).

 

A few notes concerning:

 

Plagiarism

 

Plagiarism is representing another person's work as one's own. Outside works must be clearly cited or placed in quotes. Any cheating will be handled according to the university's policy on academic dishonesty. Please see the student handbook for more information.

 

Extensions

 

Everyone is permitted one 24-hour paper extension. Extensions must be requested three days in advance.

 

Extra Credit

 

One short question about the reading will be handed out in the first fifteen minutes of every day. It will consist of one extremely simple, factual question about the reading. If you have done the reading, you will know the answer to the question. If the question is answered correctly, you will earn one extra percentage point of a grade (out of 100 points). Note that you are allowed to pass on taking any or all of the quizzes; they are supererogatory. The quizzes are meant to be extremely easy ways to earn points, as they test (a) whether or not you have done the reading, and (b) whether or not you are in class.

 

Syllabus Changes

 

It is possible that topics will be added, removed, or changed on the syllabus. If this happens, it will be announced in class and on the website.

 

Ways to Reach Sara, or her Indistinguishable Robot Clone

 

Email (by far the best way to reach me): saraphil346@gmail.com

Department phone: (520) 621-3120 (during office hours)

Office Hours: MWF, 12-1, Social Sciences 130.

 

 

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